Glossary of Health and Medical Data

Health medical data is a generic term for health data obtained from health checkups, nursing care, and daily activities, as well as data related to medical care recorded at hospitals, clinics, and dispensing pharmacies.
Explanation of difficult terms related to health medical data.

Supervision: COML, Center for Medical and Human Rights for Sasaekai (COML), a certified nonprofit organization.

• Real World Data

  Health-related data obtained in daily life

  Keywords. Electronic medical record, health examination, registry, receipt, wearable device, randomized clinical trial, clinical research Click here for Explanation
  
• Medical information database

  A collection of information related to medical care, such as records of diagnosis, treatment, and medical expenses

  Keywords. Medical fee schedule (receipt), primary and secondary use of data, National Data Base (NDB) open data, National Cancer Registry Click here for Explanation
  
• Receipt Data

  Data on statements for billing medical expenses

  Keywords. Medical fee statements, insurers, reviewing and paying institutions, anonymous medical insurance-related information database (NDB), national health insurance database (KDB) Click here for Explanation
  
• Primary and secondary use of data

  Classification of data usage

  Keywords. Personal information Click here for Explanation
  
• Opt-out/Opt-in

  How to guarantee patients' rights when conducting clinical research or using information

  Keywords. Click here for Explanation
  
• Personal Information/Personal Information Protection Law

  Information that can identify specific individuals

  Keywords. Personal identification code, DNA, fingerprint authentication/vein authentication Click here for Explanation
  
• Anonymization/Anonymization Processing

  Processing of information so that individuals cannot be identified in terms of privacy protection

  Keywords. Pseudonymization, Pseudonym processing, Personal information/Personal Information Protection Law Click here for Explanation
  
• Clinical Research/Clinical Trials

  Research on diseases conducted on human subjects

  Keywords. Clinical trials, clinical studies Click here for Explanation
  
• Clinical Development / Clinical Trials

  Clinical trials intended to be approved as a drug or medical device by the government

  Keywords. Clinical development Click here for Explanation
  
• Randomized Clinical Trials

  A study in which patients are randomly grouped to compare the effects of a drug

  Keywords. Random, Random Click here for Explanation
  
• Drug lag/drug loss

  A situation in which a drug that can be used overseas cannot be used in Japan

  Keywords. New Drug Approval, Global Clinical Trials, Rare Disease, Drug Pricing Click here for Explanation
  
• Targeted Molecules/Molecularly Targeted Drugs

  Drugs that treat diseases by targeting specific proteins or genes in the body

  Keywords. Cancer cell, protein, gene, genome Click here for Explanation
  
• Personalized Medicine (Precision Medicine)

  Medical treatment that optimizes treatment according to each patient's individual constitution and disease characteristics

  Keywords. Genomic information, Biomarker, Companion diagnostic agent, Molecular targeted therapy Click here for Explanation
  
• Genes/Genetic Information

  Those that serve as blueprints for the creation of the human body

  Keywords. Cell, genetic information, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, nucleotide sequence Click here for Explanation
  
• Health Hazards

  Damage to health caused by certain things, such as the use of pharmaceuticals and medical devices

  Keywords. cause identification, side effect, clinical trial, real world data Click here for Explanation
  
• Post-marketing surveillance

  Surveys to confirm the safety of pharmaceuticals and medical devices after they have been marketed

  Keywords. Safety, efficacy, drug, medical device, post-marketing surveillance Click here for Explanation
  
• Bias

  The tendency for data to not accurately reflect the truth

  Keywords. Randomized controlled trials, real world data Click here for Explanation
  
• Evidence

  Findings and evidence from analyses based on facts and data

  Keywords. Clinical research/clinical trial, clinical development/trial Click here for Explanation
  
• Clinical Practice Guidelines

  A summary of tests and treatments considered best for each disease

  Keywords. Evidence (scientific basis) Click here for Explanation
  
• Standard of care

  The most recommended treatment for each disease, based on scientific evidence

  Keywords. Clinical guidelines, evidence, personalized medicine Click here for Explanation